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Active: Blog: Birding
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Suet Recipes |
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Source: Birds & Blooms Oct/Nov 2009
*Tried & True Suet (Helene Mansfield, Racine, Wisconsin)
Melt 2 cups lard with 1 cup peanut butter, then add 2 cups cornmeal. You can throw in nuts, raisins, crushed cereal or a little oatmeal.
*Lovely Leftovers (Larkie Richert, Indianapolis, Indiana)
Use a jarful of leftover grease and melt along with peanut butter. Then add oats, flour, raisins, seed and anything else on hand, like old cereal, cookie crumbs or cornmeal. Mix weell, the put in a square cardboard box and place in the freezer. When ready to use, tear off cardboard and place in suet feeder.
*Savvy Solutions (Janis Handley, Edmond, West Virginia)
Use saved bacon fat and add sunflower seeds, raisins, berries (in season), peanuts and oatmeal. Stir everything well. Scoop directly into the suet feeder, wrap in plastic, and freeze.
*Robin Approved (Liz List, Greenville, South Carolina)
2 cups lard, 2 cups crunchy peanut butter, 4 cups rolled oats, 2/3 cup sugar, 1 cub birdseed, 4 cups cornmeal, 1 cup raisins. Slowly heat lard & peanut butter to soften, then add remaining ingredients. Place scoops of mixture in small plastic bags, flatten and refrigerate or freeze.
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Posted 11/03/2009 - by JodieElizabeth |
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A Bird's-Eye View |
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Source: Birds & Blooms Oct/Nov 2009
~Birds have highly developed vision, detecting movement much faster than humans.
~The eyes of songbirds are on the sides of their heads and are tightly fitted into their skulls, giving them limited vision unless they move their heads.
~Owls' eyes are in the front of their skulls, giving them binocular vision that helps them see prey at night.
~Most bird eyes are larger than humans' relative to the weight and size of the skull. A songbird's eyes are about 15 percent of the weight of the skull, while human eyes account for only about 1 percent of the skull's weight.
~Birds see color differently than humans because they have four types of color-sensitive cones, including ultraviolet, while humans only have three.
~The eyes of an American woodcock are located toward the front of the head, enabling it to see the approach of predators in front, above and behind it while its head is down.
~Hawks and eagles have five times as many visual cells as humans, allowing them to distinguish forms with more accuracy and at greater distances.
~Birds have three eyelids: an upper, a lower and a nictitating membrane that covers the eye completely to lubricate it and protect it from injury.
~Because most birds have little or no sense of smell, they depend on sight to forage for seeds, insects and fruit.
~Birds' eye colors vary by species, sex and age, but the pigment is found only in the iris. Most songbirds' eyes are dark brown, but a few have yellow, red, blue or green eyes.
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Posted 11/03/2009 - by JodieElizabeth |
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Ready to Fly |
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Source: Birds & Blooms, George Harrison Contributing Editor
Flyway zones make fall an entertaining time for bird-watchers.
Migration has been a great mystery for centuries. Ever since primitive humans in northern latitudes first wondered where all the birds went at the end of summer, fanciful lengends have thrived.
Aristotle thought birds spent the winter sleeping in hollow trees, caves or beneath the mud in marshes. Others were convinced they flew to the moon to hibernate.
Though scientists are still trying to figure out some of the mysteries of migration, we now know a great deal about the phenomenon, thanks to bird-banding records, radiotelemetry, radar and laboratory research. Here are just a few things we've learned over the years.
We know that many millions of birds nesting in the temperate zones of North America must migrate south every year to winter in the tropical and semitropical regions of the Caribbean and Central and South America. We also know that the stimulus to migrate is the waning of daylight as the seasons change.
One of the first revelations waterfowl managers learned from their early banding efforts was that these birds follow distinct, traditional migration corridors, or flyways, in their annual trips between breeding grounds in the North and wintering areas in the South.
Since 1948, waterfowl have been managed by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service along four administrative flyways that are based on those migration paths: the Atlantic, Mississippi, Central, and Pacific flyways.
Though these flyways chart the travels of ducks and geese, the same routes are flown by millions of songbirds, raptors, shorebirds and waterbirds, heading south in the autumn and north in the spring.
Not all birds follow the crowd, though. A few species ignore the four North American flyways altogether. Tundra swans, for example, travel the continent from the Northwest to the Southeast to winter in Chesapeake Bay.
In spring, a half-million sandhill cranes gather from across the American South to rest and feed for a couple of weeks along a few miles of the Platte River in Nebraska. When it's time to nest, they fan out across the northern part of the globe, all the way from Siberia in the west to Baffin Island in the east.
Some birds fly even farther. The champion globe-trotter is the artic tern, which covers 25,000 miles each year flying to and from the Antartic.
Because these flights north and south on the flyways require a degree of exertion unmatched by any other vertebrate, energy consumption is critical. But a little goes a very long way.
Like every other aspect of bird behavior, migration is a matter of survival. And luckily for bird-watchers, it provides a great show in the spring and fall.
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Posted 10/13/2009 - by JodieElizabeth |
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The Christmas Bird Count - Hunting Without Guns |
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Source: The Economist (January 3, 2009)
A Splendid Tradition in its 109th Year
Decorating the tree, sending out New Year wishes, counting birds? Thousands of Americans have adopted the annual holiday tradition of the Christmas bird count, now in its 109th year and run by the Audubon Society. From Canada to South America and points in between experienced bird watchers and novices, armed with binoculars, checklists and bird guides, have been journeying to forests and fields.
In the 19th century it was common for hunters to bag a Christmas bird for dinner and enjoy a competitive "side hunt" for sport at the same time. In 1900 Frank Chapman, an ornithologist, suggested a count instead of a kill at Christmas time. Only 27 observers in 25 places in the United States and Canada took part in that first hunt. In the 2007-2008 three-week count, 59,918 people took part and 57,704,250 birds were tallied.
This band of citizen scientists has contributed invaluable data to researchers. Dan Scheiman, conservation director for Audubon Arkansas, says that birds seldom disappear overnight. Instead, populations increase and decrease over time. The Christmas survey gives some idea of the size of the changes.
The bobwhite, for example, common in the southeastern and eastern United States, is decreasing. Arkansas has seen a 70% decline in its numbers since 1967. The loggerhead shrike, a small gray, black and white bird, has declined by 92% since then. Mr. Scheiman blames the loss of open spaces and grasslands for the drop.
Birds are also moving. The greater roadrunner has been shifting eastward into Arkansas from the west, and the white wing dove has been moving into Arkansas from the southwest. When birds move, the insects or plants they eat often do not, possibly upsetting ecosystems unchanged for thousands of years.
Last year's count introduced a few new species to North America, including the exotic purple swamp hen, an escapee now breeding in the Florida Everglades. In Canada wild turkeys have increased dramatically; nearly 10,000 now, compared with less than 200 15 years ago. And during this year's count, which ended on January 5th, Arkansas birdwatchers looked most carefully for the elusive ivory-billed woodpecker. This was spotted in 2004 to much fanfare; but no one has seen it since.
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Posted 07/28/2009 - by JodieElizabeth |
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Wren House: Mounted & Hanging |
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Source: www.50birds.com
Pine Construction
Screw Assembly, Pre-Drilled Countersunk Pilot Holes
Hinged Roof Secured with Shutter Hook for Easy Access
Solid Brass Hardware
This nest box has deluxe features, constructed with pine planned to a smooth surface, and solid brass hardware
There are two versions. One model has two brass screw eyes in the roof peak for hanging.
Another model has a keyhole in the back panel for mounting on a tree, fence or wall, and the roof is cut flush with the back panel. Both versions have one roof panel hinged for easy access secured with a shutter hook, brass screw construction, pre-drilled pilot holes, ventilation openings in the floor, and a perch.
Hinged roof provides easy access for monitoring and cleaning. Shutter hook secures roof in closed position. Pilot holes in both primary and secondary work pieces makes for easy assembly with a screwdriver in minutes.
Mount on or suspend from a tree, post, fence or wall between four and twelve feet high with partial sun and shade.
Remove the nest in late summer or fall after the brood rearing seasons are over. Titmice and Nuthatches may use this nest box.
See assembly instructions and complete plans below.
Assembly: Safety First
Assemble woodworking projects in a safe area on a workbench at a height between waist and chest.
Wear eye protection. Eye injuries are the most common assembly mishap.
Keep hardware and tools away from children and infants; store away when not in use.
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Posted 07/28/2009 - by JodieElizabeth |
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Side Entrance Birdhouse |
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Source: www.50birds.com
The 1 3/8" side entrance hole in these free birdhouse plans are designed to accommodate all of the the bird species listed below.
Black-capped Chickadees
Carolina Chickadees
Mountain Chickadees
Chestnut-backed Chickadees
Boreal Chickadees
Siberian Chickadees
House Wrens
Carolina Wrens
Bewick's Wrens
Winter Wrens
Prothonotary Warblers
Tree Swallows
Violet-green Swallows
Tufted Titmouse
Plain Titmouse
White-breasted Nuthatch
Red-breasted Nuthatch
Brown-headed Nuthatch
Pygmy Nuthatch
Brown Creeper
Red cedar panels are fastened with corrosion resistant screws which easily turn into pre-drilled pilot holes. It has 128 cu inches of interior volume and two ventilation openings in the back.
This birdhouse should not need extraordinary monitoring as 1 3/8" is too small for most English Sparrows.
It can be assembled with the entrance hole on either side and mounted on a wall, fence, or tree.
See free woodworking plans below.
Assembly: Safety First
Assemble woodworking projects in a safe area on a workbench at a height between waist and chest.
Wear eye protection. Eye injuries are the most common assembly mishap.
Keep hardware and tools away from children and infants; store away when not in use.
Decide whether the entrance hole is to be on the left or right side of the nest box. See examples below.
Align front panel (triangular piece with entrance hole) with base (largest piece) so that entrance hole is toward the top of the base. The top of the base has two extra pilot holes which accept screws to fix the roof.
Also align front panel with three holes in the base which are inset from the edge. The base can be flipped side for side and end for end as pilot holes are bored completely through. Note the front panel is inset from the edge of the base and the back panel is flush with the edge.
Attach front and back panels to the base with wood screws using a screwdriver. Back panel must be aligned so that pilot holes accept bottom panel screws. Leave screws loose until bird house if completely assembled.
Attach bottom panel to front and back panels with wood screws. Note extra pilot holes are on the end of the bottom panel.
Attach roof to the base and bottom panels.
Mount birdhouse with large screws through pilot holes in back panel.
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Posted 07/28/2009 - by JodieElizabeth |
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Bluebird Nesting Box: Plans and Instructions |
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Source: The North American Bluebird Society
The nesting box pictured below has been carefully designed to meet bluebird requirements, to last for years, and to provide for easy mounting and easy access for observation and cleaning. It cannot be entered by starlings and, if properly located, sparrow interference will be somewhat minimized.
Painting
Nesting boxes made of cedar, cypress, redwood or exterior grade plywood need not be painted. Boxes made of other woods will last longer if painted with exterior type latex paint. Use light colors only to prevent overheating. Paint only the outside of the box. Do not used paints that contain lead or toxic wood preservatives such as pentachlorophenol. Exterior plywood is recommended for the top board since it will not warp.
Location
Selecting a suitable location for the bluebird nesting box is of the utmost importance. Unfortunately bluebirds no longer nest in cities, large towns, or close-in suburban areas. Thus success can be expected only in far-out-lying suburbs, in small towns, and rural areas.
Bluebird nesting boxes should be erected in reasonably open areas since the birds will not nest in the woods and rarely in the deep shade. Best of all is an open area with scattered trees, a considerable distance from buildings and where the ground is not covered with underbrush or tall grass or weeds. Pastures, fields, open waste lands, large lawns, cemeteries, and golf courses are usually good locations. Ideally, the bluebird nesting box should face an open area with a tree, large shrub or fence from 25 to 100 feet in front of the box. The young birds will usually reach this on their first flight and have a better chance of surviving the first critical hours out of the nest. Bluebirds usually will not nest closer together than about 100 yards.
Mounting
By using the small holes shown in the top and bottom extensions of the back-board, the box may be nailed or screwed to the top or side of a wooden post, or it may be bolted or wired to the top or side of a metal post. A smooth metal post such as a galvanized pipe is preferred to a wooden post since it offers better protection against climbing predators, particularly if the post is coated with soft grease while the bluebirds are occupying the box. A 1/2 or 3/4 inch galvanized pipe threaded at one end can be neatly and firmly attached to the bottom of the box by means of a pipe flange which may be obtained at any hardware store. A bluebird nesting box on a wooden post may be protected from predators by means of a sheet metal collar or conical guard 18 or more inches wide attached just below the box. Where predators are not a problem, nesting boxes may be mounted conveniently on posts of existing fences, on utility poles (if the utility company permits), or on the trunks of isolated trees (never among the branches). If posts of pasture fences are used, the boxes should be on the side away from the animals. Bluebird nesting boxes should be mounted at a height of from 3 to 5 feet. Higher where there is a danger of vandalism. They should preferably be set out by late winter.
Raccoons
A raccoon guard may be made of a small board 1-1/2" thick with a 1/1/2" hole helps to control raccoons and other large predators. This guard is attached firmly to the front of the box so that the hole coincides exactly with the entrance hole in the box. Extra deep nesting boxes are also helpful.
Sparrows
The common house sparrow, an introduced foreign bird, is one of the worst enemies of the bluebird. Sparrows are discouraged to some extent by the small floor size of the bluebird nesting box, by mounting the box rather low (3 to 5 feet), and by locating the box at a considerable distance from buildings or other places where sparrows tend to congregate. If sparrows do use the nesting box their nests should be removed repeatedly, daily if necessary, during the nesting season.
Maintenance
Bluebird nests should be removed from the boxes as soon as the young have left since this will increase the chances of second or third broods being raised in the same boxes. The boxes should be inspected, cleaned, and repaired if necessary in late winter each year, making sure that the drain holes in the floors are open.
Side-Opening Nesting Box
For greater ease in cleaning and monitoring a side-opening box is sometimes used. Opening the side of the box for inspection while birds are nesting in it is somewhat more disturbing to the birds than in a top-opening box. For this reason it is recommended that a side-opening box containing nestlings more than 13 days old be opened with extreme care if at all to avoid the possibility of premature fledging of the nestlings.
Larger Nesting Box
The 4"x4" box is large enough for practically all broods of Eastern Bluebirds and most broods of Mountain and Western Bluebirds, but the 5"x5" box may have some advantage for the latter two species and may also be safer for Tree Swallows which often occupy bluebird nesting boxes in the northern states and Canada. Below is a detailed plan for a side-opening bluebird nesting box with a 5"x5" floor. This plan can also be used for a side-opening box with a 4"x4" floor simply by making boards one inch narrow and the top and bottom boards one inch shorter than shown. Similarly, a top-opening box with a 5"x5" floor is easily made from the plan below by making all boards one inch wider and the top and bottom boards as well as the dowel and cleat one inch longer than shown in the plan.
Plan for Side-Opening Nesting Box with 5"x5" Floor
The side-opening nesting box may be mounted in ways similar to those described for the top opening box (see below). When mounting wires (see plan) are used to mount the box on the side of a metal post, the tow ends of the upper wire are inserted through the 1/8" holes near the top of the back board. This must be done with the side wide open. If the box is mounted on the side of a wooden post or tree trunk, a round-headed screw may be used in the 3/16" hole in the back board. A long-handled screw driver is inserted through the entrance hole of the box. A metal washer should be used on the screw.
Raccoon guards as described above are recommended for all types of nesting boxes in areas where these animals are troublesome, unless other means are used to prevent them from reaching the boxes.
Chickadee, Titmouse and Nuthatch Nesting Boxes
Both of the above-described 4"x4" floor nesting boxes are suitable for and often used by chickadees or titmice, especially when they are located close to wooded areas. Nuthatches will also occasionally use the boxes in these locations. If the entrance hole is made only 1-1/8" in diameter, chickadees, Brown-headed Nuthatches, and Pygmy Nuthatches can enter the box readily but House Sparrows are excluded. A raccoon guard with a 1-1/8" hole can be attached to a bluebird nesting box to accomplish the same purpose.
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Posted 07/28/2009 - by JodieElizabeth |
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How to Build a Martin House |
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Source: Missouri Department of Conservation, John E. Wylie
Construction:
Note that the plan calls for nailing a 3/4-inch strip onto the boards which are the ends of the house. This makes the 11-1/2-inch lumber the full 12-1/4 inches necessary to make the rooms 6x6 inches. Any less space per room will discourage martins and encourage sparrows. Watch where you place your nails, because you will want to saw the dados (grooves) and roof pitch after the strips are added. Because of its nail-holding ability, solid lumber rather than plywood works best for the ends.
Drive 1-inch brads on either side of the room dividers to hold them in place. Leave the brads extended 1/4 inch above and below the ceiling/floor panel. If you don't have a table saw to make the dado cuts, you can nail two 1/2-3/4-inch strips of 1/4-inch plywood to the inside ends to form the grooves.
In this plan, a 1-inch space is allowed in the attic for insulation. A 1-inch Styrofoam panel provides optimum insulation, but a few sheets of newspaper sandwiched between sheets of corrugated cardboard works well, too. The vent holes in the ends can be 3/8-5/8 inch in diameter. Note that the front pieces are cut 1/4 inch short in height. This, too, allows for attic ventilation and makes it possible to remove these fronts to clean the boxes. Use a 3/8-inch dowel for the roof perch. You may shingle the roof, but this is not necessary.
Paint the house white. Do not stain or paint the house dark colors. Holes should be at least 2 inches in diameter; 2 1/4-2 1/2 inches is recommended. Rectangular holes 2x3 inches (high) are also suitable.
Installation:
Erect the house on a pole or pipe 12 to 18 feet high in an open area away from trees. This house is light enough to mount on telescoping poles which are commercially available. This facilitates cleaning.
Have your martin house erected by April 15 and preferably by March 25. Holes may be blocked with strips of wood in the fall and winter to keep out starlings and sparrows. Clean out old nests in September.
Comment:
Martins are sometimes difficult to attract. Well-shaded lawns with big trees are poor habitats. It may take a year or two to attract martins to a new house; don't get discouraged. If after 2 years you are still unsuccessful, try moving the house to a different location- sometimes 25 feet can make a difference. Don't expect a nest in every room. Four nesting pairs in a 12-room house is good occupancy. Extra rooms are used for roosting and for young pre-flight birds. Also, sparrows will likely fill a few vacancies. Before the martins are nesting, leave the sparrow nests alone to avoid disturbing the martins.
Biology:
Martins usually lay four or five eggs. Incubation is about two weeks, and age to first flight is about four weeks. Martins build only one nest per year, but they may re-nest if the first attempt is an early failure. After flight, martins will return to the house for about two weeks to roost and perch.
Martins feed on the wing and eat a variety of flying insects, including flies, beetles, moths, and cicadas. They will not decimate bee hives. Scouts-mature males- may arrive in late March. After aggregating in large flocks in late summer, they depart for wintering grounds in South America during late August and early September.
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Posted 07/28/2009 - by JodieElizabeth |
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Houses for Backyard Birds |
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Source: Arkansas Game and Fish Commission
The songs, flight, and color of Arkansas' birds make our lives more enjoyable. Whether you live in the city, on a farm, or deep in the woods, you can invite birds to become permanent residents in your backyard by erecting bird houses. Each species of bird has specific requirements for its nesting site. The size and shape of the bird houses, its entrance hole size and the box's location determines what kind of bird will use it. Below are bird house specifications for some of Arkansas' nesting birds. Decide which nesting birds you would like to attract to your backyard and then consider the following points when building and placing your nest boxes:
1. Wood is the best material to use, and cypress is the most durable.
2. Use non-corroding (galvanized or brass) screws for lasting, tight construction.
3. Provide ventilation by drilling two or more 1/4" holes in both sides of the box just below the roof line.
4. Drill similar holes in the bottom of the box for drainage.
5. Design the house so it can be opened for cleaning. Removable roofs are the simplest.
6. Clean out the box prior to nesting season. Bluebird boxes should be cleaned out after each brood has fledged (up to three per year).
7. When mounting, face houses away from the prevailing winds.
8. Protect houses from cats and other predators.
9. Birds are territorial, so do not crowd too many of one kind of box in too small an area.
10. Erect the houses well in advance of the nesting season-by March 1st. Houses erected in the fall and allowed to weather over winter are more readily used by birds.
11. A bird bath will make the area more attractive for nesting.
12. Many birds prefer a perch site (such as a tree limb, clothes line, or fence wire) 10-50 feet from the entrance hole.
13. Discourage the nesting of house sparrows and starlings by removing their nests and eggs from bird houses and other nest sites. House (English) sparrows and European starlings out-compete native birds for nesting sites and are not protected by Federal law.
*If you build and erect a bluebird box, please participate in the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission's Bluebird Trail Program. Contact the Urban Wildlife Section for details.
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Posted 07/27/2009 - by JodieElizabeth |
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G&F: report swan sightings |
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Source: Harrison Daily Times 2/26/09
Little Rock - More young trumpeter swans have been brought into Arkansas and released into the wild.
The Iowa to Arkansas relocation project, a three-year experimental effort, needs reports of sightings of swans to help track their movements. Reports of any swans seen in Arkansas - trumpeters, tundras or mutes - should be sent to Karen Rowe, Arkansas Game and Fish Commission non-game migratory bird program coordinator. her e-mail address is: krowe@agfc.state.ar.us
Rowe asked that persons sighting swans provide as much informatoin as possible. She needs date of sighting: number of swans; swan species; if the swans are wearing collars, colore of collar and alpha numeric code; specific location; name of landowner if known; habitat type; and the reporting person's name and contact information.
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Posted 03/18/2009 - by JodieElizabeth |
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Spring Tips for Wildlife! |
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Source: National Wildlife Federation. www.nwf.org
Follow these easy steps to attract birds, butterflies and other wildlife to your own yard:
1. Grow native plants found in your area, including trees, shrubs and other plants that offer food such as pollen, nectar, nuts, cones, berries and other seeds
2. Provide water for wildlife with a birdbath, small pond or shallow dish ... or care for a natural spring or stream on - or near - your habitat.
3. Create protective cover for wildlife by growing meadow, prairie, densely branched shrubs or (when appropriate) evergreens. Place hollow logs and/or rock piles in your yard.
4. Build birdhouses attached to metal poles and monitor their use. Grow host plants for butterfly and moth caterpillars to eat and provide dense plantings to create safe areas for nesting wildlife.
Please watch what you plant in your garden. Exotic species not native to your region can become invasive and harmful to both people and wildlife.
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Posted 03/18/2009 - by JodieElizabeth |
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How to Identify Eagles at a Distance - Size and Wingspan are Key |
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(From Harrison Daily Times)
LITTLE ROCK – There’s a really big bird soaring in the distance. Is it an eagle? Winter is bald eagle watching time in Arkansas, and beginners often have questions about identifying the national symbols in the field.
How do you tell an eagle from a hawk or a turkey vulture (often called a “buzzard” by Arkansans)? First of all, size is a major identifier, according to Arkansas Game and Fish Commission staff members. Eagles are much bigger than hawks and owls and are also larger than vultures.
While it’s hard to tell the actual length of wingspan while a bird is soaring, for comparison purposes, a large female red-tailed hawk will have a wingspan of 4 feet while a bald eagle’s wingspan is between 7 and 8 feet – almost twice as wide as the hawk’s wingspan.
Another clue is the flight pattern. Bald eagles soar with their wings extended flat; vultures hold their wings in a V shape. Many hawks also soar with wings flat and not in the V shape.
A mature bald eagle is easy to identify if you can get close enough for a good look. It is all dark brown with a white head and tail, and its legs are bare and yellow.
The golden eagle, not nearly so common in Arkansas, has a brown head and tail and legs covered with feathers down to the feet, according to the AGFC’s nongame migratory Bird Program Leader Karen Rowe. “If you grab a bird book and look up goldens and balds, you’ll see that the immature golden will have central white spots on the underwing, and that’s visible if you are under a soaring bird. Immature bald eagles will have mottled white all over the underwing,” Rowe said.
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Posted 02/01/2009 - by JodieElizabeth |
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Winter Checklist |
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1. Brush snow and ice off feeders during and after storms to keep the food accessible.
2. Offer suet to birds all winter. This probably is the best way for birds to get quick energy and build fat reserves for long, cold nights.
3. Paint and repair any feeders or birdhouses that need fixing up. Or build new ones altogether.
4. Fill feeders daily, preferably in later afternoon, to give the birds a boost before they roost for the night.
*Tips from Birds & Blooms - Dec/Jan 2009 issue
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Posted 02/01/2009 - by JodieElizabeth |
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Bird Survey Information |
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michael cannon and bruce caldwell with the army corps of engineers provided the attached files on the bird count project .....this project is in cooperation with arkansas game and fish ......the info provided outlines what, when, how, why, where for the annual bird count project .......any forum questions you have will be sent to michael and bruce ........so let us hear from you !!
Bird Banding Info 2008Data Summary 04/08
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Posted 12/16/2008 - by JodieElizabeth |
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